Ander Perez-Orive, Yannick Timmer, Alejandro van der GhoteWe revisit the credit channel of monetary policy when firms face multiple financing constraints. Our theory shows that the multiplicity of constraints dampens the transmission of expansionary policy to firm borrowing and investment notably but amplifies the transmission of policy tightening. This asymmetry arises because, when policy tightens (eases), the most (least) responsive constraint binds. Using U.S. firm-level data and exploiting a quasi-natural experiment, we find strong support for these predictions. Embedding the mechanism into a New Keynesian framework, we find that the drop in investment after contractionary shocks is twice as large as its increase following equally-sized expansionary shocks.
Nothing contributes so much to the prosperity and happiness of a country as high profits