Federal Reserve

FEDS Paper: Sequence-Space Jacobians of Life-Cycle Models

Bence Bardóczy, Akshay Shanker, and Mateo Velásquez-GiraldoThe sequence-space Jacobian (SSJ) method of Auclert et al. (2021a) has made heterogeneous-agent models far easier to solve, fueling an explosion of applications. But even SSJ strains against capacity constraints when state spaces grow very large, as in economies with overlapping generations of heterogeneous agents (HA-OLG).

FEDS Paper: An Evaluation of Difference-in-Differences Methods Using Placebo Event Studies

John Coglianese and Jade A. FangResearchers are faced with the choice of which of the many recently developed difference-in-differences methods to use in practice. To assess these estimators' relative performance for single-unit event studies, we conduct 134,000+ state-level placebo event studies across 13 estimators. We find that no single method dominates.

FEDS Paper: The Response of Equity Yields to a Long-Run Shock

Martijn Boons, Anthony M. Diercks, Petra Sinagl, and Andrea TamoniWe study how macroeconomic developments affect asset prices by analyzing the response of equity yields to a well-identified long-run growth shock. Using synthetic equity yield data from Giglio et al. (2024), we show that a positive long-run shock steepens the equity yield curve by increasing expected dividend growth while leaving discount rates largely unchanged.

FEDS Paper: A Static Capital Buffer is Hard To Beat

Matthew Canzoneri, Behzad Diba, Luca Guerrieri, and Arsenii MishinIn a model with endogenous risk-taking, deposit insurance and limited liability may lead banks to make risky loans that are socially inefficient. Capital requirements can prevent excessive risk-taking at the cost of reducing liquidity-producing bank deposits. A policy that sets capital requirements just high enough to prevent excessive risktaking will move capital requirements pro-, counter-, or a-cyclically depending on the shock source.

IFDP Paper: Fiscal Policy, Portfolio Frictions, and International Transmission

Marcos Mac MullenI study the international transmission of fiscal policy and its impact on the real exchange rate (RER) and net exports. I document that periods of high government debt are strongly associated with a depreciated RER and subsequent increases in net exports. I present causal evidence that debt-financed fiscal expansions transmit primarily through deviations from uncovered interest parity, leading to a depreciated RER and increases in net exports over time.

FEDS Paper: New U.S. Business Establishments: Surging or Stalling?

Dan Cao, Henry Hyatt, Toshihiko Mukoyama, and Erick SagerSince the 1990s, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has reported much more rapid growth in U.S. private sector employer establishments than has the Census Bureau – the gap reached roughly 1.6 million by 2023. Using linked BLS-Census microdata, we document two main drivers. First, a large and growing number of employers providing services to the elderly and persons with disabilities are in scope for the BLS frame but not the Census Bureau’s.

FEDS Paper: Settlement Speed and Financial Stability(Revised)

Agostino Capponi and Jin-Wook ChangThis paper investigates how settlement speed affects financial stability in payment networks, accounting for netting benefits, liquidity costs, and counterparty risks. Faster settlement reduces crisis likelihood but amplifies crisis severity. The net welfare effect depends on network topology and proximity to default threshold points—settlement times at which the number of defaulting agents changes discontinuously.

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