IFDP Paper: Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy under Limited Foresight

Martin Bodenstein and Junzhu ZhaoWe investigate Barro's random walk hypothesis according to which distortionary labor taxes should follow a random walk for any stochastic process of government expenditures, see Barro (1979). When agents experience cognitive discounting as in Gabaix (2020), they perceive government debt as wealth, and the random walk result breaks down except for knife-edge combinations of limited rationality by policymakers and the private sector.

Banks’ funding structures and pass-through in the euro area

This paper investigates the interest rate pass-through of monetary policy in the euro area by focusing on the role of banks’ funding structures. We estimate the interest rate pass-through for loans to non-financial corporations using bank-level balance sheet data. In doing so, we interact the response of lending rates with characteristics of the funding structure, and show that banks that rely more on bond issuance than on the money market tend to be less responsive to policy changes.

Hidden in the aggregate: the cyclicality of EU labour force participation

We estimate the cyclical response of labour force participation to growth shocks across EU regions. We use a shift-share instrumental variable approach and local projections on EU Labour Force Survey microdata covering 15 countries and 114 regions over 2000–2020. The aggregate labour force participation rate is remarkably resilient, a clear contrast to the highly cyclical participation rate documented for the U.S. However, this resilience masks pronounced demographic heterogeneity.

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