FEDS Paper: Paying More and Buying Less: 2025 Tariffs and U.S. Household Spending

Sinem Hacıoğlu Hoke and Leo FelerThis paper estimates the effects of the 2025 U.S. tariffs on household spending using transaction-level data linked to tariff exposure and a tariff sentiment survey. Comparing high versus low tariff-exposed categories, we find 15 to 20 percent price pass-through. At the mean increase in tariff exposure, prices rise by 1 to 2 percent while spending falls by roughly 4 percent.

FEDS Paper: Financial Liberalizations, Booms, and Crashes

Maximilian Grimm, Moritz Schularick, and Emil VernerFinancial liberalization is often seen as a way to deepen credit markets and stimulate economic growth, but it may also fuel credit booms that end in crisis. We construct a new cross-country database of banking regulation policies covering 21 regulatory indicators for 18 advanced economies since World War II. We distinguish liberalizations that directly relax constraints on credit supply from broader financial reforms.

Getting disability benefits got harder after the Social Security Administration’s staff was slashed and program rules were changed by Trump

The agency has cut more than 13% of its workforce. AP Photo/Nam Y. HuhA rapid series of administrative, staffing and policy changes the Social Security Administration underwent early on in the second Trump administration are making it much harder to get disability benefits that millions of Americans rely on to make ends meet.

FEDS Paper: Alternative Scenarios at the Federal Reserve from 1968 to 2020: Data, Interpretation, and Evaluation

Edward Herbst, Scott Konzem, and Cristina ScofieldWe comprehensively document 1,265 Federal Reserve staff alternative scenarios presented to the Federal Open Market Committee in publicly released materials from 1968 to 2020. Scenarios grew in frequency and sophistication, typically spanning a range of outcomes around the baseline.

FEDS Paper: Skill and Efficiency in the U.S. Mutual Fund Industry

Dong Hwan Oh and Andrew J. PattonWe propose a new measure of mutual fund manager ability: "efficiency" is the ability to accrue the risk premium associated with a risk factor. The familiar abnormal return, or alpha, is shown to be the sum of two distinct measures of ability: "aggregate efficiency" which is the beta-weighted sum of the fund's (in)efficiencies across risk factors, and "skill," the component that is unrelated to factor exposures. Using a panel of U.S.

When ICE ramped up enforcement, US-born workers didn’t see any economic gains

Despite the Trump administration's immigration crackdown, U.S.-born workers aren't seeing more jobs or higher wages, including in sectors with a high share of immigrant labor. AP Photo/Richard VogelPresident Donald Trump campaigned on a promise to strengthen the labor market. His immigration platform – including a pledge to conduct the largest deportation campaign in U.S.

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