PRA fines The Bank of London and its parent company Oplyse Holdings Limited £2m for failing to act with integrity and misleading the PRA over their capital position

The Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) has fined The Bank of London Group Limited and Oplyse Holdings Limited (formerly The Bank of London Group Holdings Limited) £2 million for misleading the PRA over their capital positions, failing to act with integrity, failing to be open and cooperative with the regulator and failing to maintain adequate financial resources.

Green supply chains at risk: measuring the true economic and environmental costs

Our new methodology builds an inter-country input-output table that distinguishes green products from the rest, allowing us to assess vulnerabilities in green value chains. In a multi-country, multi-sector model, our table reveals that a decoupling of green supply chains between a US-centric West and a China-centric East could globally cut trade in green products by up to 20%, lower welfare by up to 3% and raise yearly global greenhouse gas emissions by about 50 million tonnes.

FEDS Paper: AI and Coder Employment: Compiling the Evidence

Leland D. Crane and Paul E. SotoWe evaluate whether LLMs have had any discernible impact on the aggregate labor market so far. We focus on occupations that are computer programming-intensive, motivated by data showing that coding is one of the most LLM-exposed tasks. Linking O*NET to CPS we find that aggregate employment of coders has decelerated sharply since the introduction of ChatGPT.

FEDS Paper: Queuing, Service Time, and Price Dynamics in Residential Mortgage Lending

Akos Horvath and Benjamin S. KayBuilding on queuing theory, we develop and empirically validate a novel theoretical model of residential mortgage supply. Our model gives insight into how the stochastic arrival and sequential servicing of loan applications affect mortgage origination. The model provides closed-form predictions for lenders’ optimal response to changes in the level and price elasticity of mortgage demand.

How much do you really need to retire? It’s probably a lot less than $1 million

Every few months, someone in the superannuation industry declares that Australians now “need” around A$1 million to retire comfortably. It’s a big, scary number.

But consumer advocates say most people can retire with far less.

Independent estimates suggest something closer to $322,000 is enough for many retirees who own their own home. So who’s right – and what assumptions drive these wildly different targets?

IFDP Paper: Volatile Rates, Fragile Growth: Global Financial Risk and Productivity Dynamics

Nils Gornemann, Eugenio Rojas, Felipe SaffieDoes global financial risk affect long-run growth? Using a panel state-space model for emerging and advanced small open economies, we measure the effects of U.S. monetary policy uncertainty shocks. A one-standard-deviation shock lowers the level of the stochastic trend in emerging markets by at least 25 basis points after three years, with little effect in advanced economies.

IFDP Paper: The Design and Effect of Tariff Retaliation: Evidence from the European Union

Ece Fisgin, Johannes Fleck, Keith RichardsWe show that the EU’s 2018 retaliation against US steel and aluminum tariffs targeted goods with low US import dependence and high substitutability. For the majority of tariffed goods, the US share of EU imports declined notably and remained below pre-2018 levels even after the retaliatory tariffs were lifted, reflecting asymmetric effects of tariffs on trade diversion.

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