How much do you really need to retire? It’s probably a lot less than $1 million

Every few months, someone in the superannuation industry declares that Australians now “need” around A$1 million to retire comfortably. It’s a big, scary number.

But consumer advocates say most people can retire with far less.

Independent estimates suggest something closer to $322,000 is enough for many retirees who own their own home. So who’s right – and what assumptions drive these wildly different targets?

Easing Capital, Reviving Risk: The Quiet Return of Too Big to Fail

Less capital, more risk, familiar consequences. The latest move on big-bank rules suggests that too big to fail was never solved, only deferred.
The latest move to ease capital rules for large banks is being sold as a technical adjustment. It is nothing of the sort. It is another step in a long retreat from the post-2008 financial crisis promise to discipline concentrated financial power and protect the public from having to underwrite private risk.
That is the old too-big-to-fail bargain, dressed again in the language of efficiency.

IFDP Paper: Risk in a Data-Rich Model

Dario Caldara, Haroon Mumtaz, and Molin ZhongWe characterize asymmetric tail risk across over one hundred U.S. macroeconomic and financial variables using a dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility. The model unifies growth-at-risk, inflation-at-risk, and sectoral heterogeneity through common factors whose volatility responds endogenously to shocks, combined with heterogeneous factor loadings.

IFDP Paper: The Design and Effect of Tariff Retaliation: Evidence from the European Union

Ece Fisgin, Johannes Fleck, Keith RichardsWe show that the EU’s 2018 retaliation against US steel and aluminum tariffs targeted goods with low US import dependence and high substitutability. For the majority of tariffed goods, the US share of EU imports declined notably and remained below pre-2018 levels even after the retaliatory tariffs were lifted, reflecting asymmetric effects of tariffs on trade diversion.

IFDP Paper: Volatile Rates, Fragile Growth: Global Financial Risk and Productivity Dynamics

Nils Gornemann, Eugenio Rojas, Felipe SaffieDoes global financial risk affect long-run growth? Using a panel state-space model for emerging and advanced small open economies, we measure the effects of U.S. monetary policy uncertainty shocks. A one-standard-deviation shock lowers the level of the stochastic trend in emerging markets by at least 25 basis points after three years, with little effect in advanced economies.

FEDS Paper: Income Mobility of the Top One Percent

David Splinter and Jeff LarrimoreCirculation into and out of the top one percent is pronounced in the U.S. One third exit after a year and two-thirds exit after a decade. This mobility lowers top income shares when shifting from annual to multi-year income measures. Intragenerational mobility over two decades lowers recent top one percent fiscal income shares by over 10 percent. Two-decade mobility reduces top 0.1% shares by over 20 percent, top 0.01% shares by 30 percent, and top 0.001% shares by 40 percent.

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